NMAI 242462: Bell

Primary Title:
NMAI 242462: Bell
Alternate Title: Owner Object Name
Bell
Keyword Type: Object Class
Bell
Keyword Type: Exam Methods
Visual Microscopy
Identifier: Object Number
NMAI 242462
Identifier: Owner Accession Number
242462
Note: Owner Information Source
PreColumbian Master; Panama Gold
Note: Object Description
Cast bell with bird on top, thin ring around top and thin ring at widest point of body. Projecting from the top of the bell in front of the bird is a thin wire that is bent back on itself and forms a loop in the front on which is a small thin circular spangle with single punch hole (may not be original as spangles were often added). The top two thirds of the body slopes slightly outwards while the bottom third is conical in shape. There is a long slit that dissects the body in half, terminating at the top ring. There is also a cast wire ring on the top of the bell behind the bird that may act as suspension loop. A clapper is present inside the body but may not be original. 20.5g
Note: Owner Accession
Central America, Panama, Herrera Province, Parita District, Parita, Península de Azuero. Excavated by P L Dade in 1968
Note: Research Notes
" The Dade collection specimens, at the Museum of the American Indian, listed from the Finca Calderon undoubtedly come from this site [He-4, El Hatillo] as well as many of those listed from Parita. Mr.Philip L Dade of the SOciety recently excavated a number of graves at the site (personal communication from Dr.S.K.Lothrop)..."
Note: Bibliographic References
Ladd, John (1964) Archaeological investigations in the Parita and Santa Maria zones of Panama.
Note: Condition Review
The bell is cracked and has losses to the bottom of the body. The largest cracks extends across the back of the bell. Has been repaired in the past as there is clear adhesive present in the cracks. The spangle may have been added by a modern craftsmen as it's thickness and edges are very regular and cleanly cut, however there is light brown accretion on the surface that may be from burial. There are light brown accretions in most of the crevices.
Note: Follow-up Notes
Special Followup. Very interesting object. May have repairs, spangle may not be original, lots of break edges visible showing shiny metal, good for ESEM
Note: Analysis Recommendations
XRF X-ray radiograph ESEM-EDS
Time Period: Excavation Date
1968
Time Period: Owner Accession Date
1968
Time Period: Examination Date
1/7/2009
Place: Object Origin
Geographic Zone: Azuero Peninsula, Parita District Country: Panama Province: Herrera Province Site: El Hatillo, Site He-4 Place Time Period: Site Period
Place: Curation Location
Local place: CRC
Actor: Object Excavator
Dade, Philip
Actor: Owner Accession Source
Lannik, Dr. William M. (Gift or Presentation/Presented, 1/1/1968)
Actor: Object Owner
NMAI
Actor: Examination Operator
ACH
Condition: Corrosion
Note: Black-Core Stress Corrosion. There is almost no visible corrosion. The break edges mainly appear to be shiny metal but there is a very slight amount of black corrosion visible at interior only in one location. He cracks may be indicative, however, of stress corrosion and/or Intergranular corrosion
Condition: Coloration
Note: Gold surface coloration with coppery interior
Condition: Usewear Toolmarks
Note: Burr(s) Cracking. There may be repairs present in form of metal blobs. Spangle has burr at punched hole on one end. Cracking may be stress cracking
Condition: Pseudomorphs
Note: None
Materials:
Gold Alloy Note: Gold colored surface with slightly coppery colored interior
Technique: Fabrication Method
Cast- Open Back Hammered-Sheet Note: Not a good cast. Clear casting flaws and artifacts present on surface, however, may also have been repaired using blobs of molten metal as there are many blobs on the surface over cracked areas. Spangle is hammered and is very regular in thickness and shape
Technique: Joinery
Note: All in wax model except for spangle which is attached by suspension at punched hole
Technique: Finishing
Note: May have surface enrichment as there is some variation between surface and interior color. Raised areas also appear polished
Measurements:
Type:Number of Components Value:1 Units:components
PIDTypeTitleMetadataURL
si_2773014242462_1 for pid si_2773014242462_1
TitleInfo/title
242462_1
Abstract
NMAI 242462 detail 1 - ESEM-EDS analysis (2009)
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si_2773015242462_2 for pid si_2773015242462_2
TitleInfo/title
242462_2
Abstract
NMAI 242462 detail 2 - ESEM-EDS analysis (2009)
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si_2773016242462_3 for pid si_2773016242462_3
TitleInfo/title
242462_3
Abstract
NMAI 242462 detail 3 - ESEM-EDS analysis (2009)
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si_2773017242462_4 for pid si_2773017242462_4
TitleInfo/title
242462_4
Abstract
NMAI 242462 detail 4 - ESEM-EDS analysis (2009)
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si_2773018242462_5 for pid si_2773018242462_5
TitleInfo/title
242462_5
Abstract
NMAI 242462 detail 5 - ESEM-EDS analysis (2009)
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si_2773019242462 Xray 20091002 for pid si_2773019242462 Xray 20091002
TitleInfo/title
242462 Xray 20091002
Abstract
NMAI 242462 overall - X-radiograph (2009)
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si_2773020242462_bt01_20090123_cn for pid si_2773020242462_bt01_20090123_cn
TitleInfo/title
242462_bt01_20090123_cn
Abstract
NMAI 242462 overall (2009)
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si_2773022242462_bt03_20090123_cn for pid si_2773022242462_bt03_20090123_cn
TitleInfo/title
242462_bt03_20090123_cn
Abstract
NMAI 242462 overall (2009)
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si_2773023242462_0.63x_back blob for pid si_2773023242462_0.63x_back blob
TitleInfo/title
242462_0.63x_back blob
Abstract
NMAI 242462 detail - photomicrograph (2009)
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si_2773024242462_0.63x_back for pid si_2773024242462_0.63x_back
TitleInfo/title
242462_0.63x_back
Abstract
NMAI 242462 detail - photomicrograph (2009)
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si_2773025242462_0.63x_bird for pid si_2773025242462_0.63x_bird
TitleInfo/title
242462_0.63x_bird
Abstract
NMAI 242462 detail - photomicrograph (2009)
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si_2773026242462_0.63x_bottom for pid si_2773026242462_0.63x_bottom
TitleInfo/title
242462_0.63x_bottom
Abstract
NMAI 242462 detail - photomicrograph (2009)
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si_2773040242462_bt02_20090123_cn for pid si_2773040242462_bt02_20090123_cn
TitleInfo/title
242462_bt02_20090123_cn
Abstract
NMAI 242462 overall (2009)
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si_568e85152159eCSV iconAnalysis Results (NMAI 242462)
Idinfo/citation/citeinfo/origin
ACH
Idinfo/citation/citeinfo/pubdate
Unpublished material
Idinfo/citation/citeinfo/title
Analysis Results (NMAI 242462)
Idinfo/citation/citeinfo/geoform
tabular digital data
Idinfo/timeperd/timeinfo/rngdates/begdate
1/7/2009
Idinfo/timeperd/current
observed
Idinfo/status/progress
Done
Idinfo/status/update
As Needed
Idinfo/keywords/theme/themekt
None
Idinfo/keywords/place/placekt
None
Idinfo/keywords/stratum/stratkt
None
Idinfo/keywords/temporal/tempkt
None
Idinfo/taxonomy/keywtax/taxonkt
None
Idinfo/taxonomy/keywtax/taxonkey
None
Idinfo/taxonomy/taxonsys/classsys/classcit/citeinfo/pubdate
Unpublished material
Idinfo/taxonomy/taxonsys/classsys/classcit/citeinfo/geoform
database
Idinfo/taxonomy/taxoncl/taxonrn
Species
Idinfo/taxonomy/taxoncl/taxonrv
Unknown
Idinfo/taxonomy/taxoncl/common
Unknown
Idinfo/secinfo/secclass
Sensitive
Dataqual/lineage/method/methodid/methkt
None
Dataqual/lineage/method/methodid/methkey
None
Dataqual/lineage/method/methdesc
Visual Microscopy
Dataqual/lineage/method/methdesc[2]
Analysis: XRF X-ray radiograph ESEM-EDS
Spdoinfo/direct
Point
Spdoinfo/rastinfo/rasttype
Voxel
Spref/horizsys/geograph/geogunit
Decimal degrees
Spref/vertdef/altsys/altunits
feet
Spref/vertdef/altsys/altenc
Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates
Spref/vertdef/depthsys/depthem
Attribute values
Eainfo/detailed/attr/attrmfrq
Unknown
Distinfo/distrib/cntinfo/cntaddr/addrtype
Mailing
Metainfo/metc/cntinfo/cntaddr/addrtype
Mailing
Metainfo/metstdn
FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metainfo/metstdv
1999
Metainfo/metsi/metsc
None
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